Kitaa an tinikangan para han Carl Friedrich Gauss

{{Infobox scientist
|name              = Carl Friedrich Gauss
|image             = Carl Friedrich Gauss.jpg
|caption           = Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855), painted by [[Christian Albrecht Jensen]]
|birth_date        = {{birth date|1777|4|30|df=y}}
|birth_place       = [[Braunschweig]], [[Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
|death_date        = {{death date and age|1855|2|23|1777|4|30|df=y}}
|death_place       = [[Göttingen]], [[Kingdom of Hanover]]
|residence         = [[Kingdom of Hanover]]
|citizenship       =
|nationality       = [[Germany|German]]
|ethnicity         =
|fields            = [[Mathematics]] and [[Physics]]
|workplaces        = [[University of Göttingen]]
|alma_mater        = [[University of Helmstedt]]
|doctoral_advisor  = [[Johann Friedrich Pfaff]]
|academic_advisors = [[Johann Christian Martin Bartels]]
|doctoral_students = [[Friedrich Bessel]]<br />[[Christoph Gudermann]]<br />[[Christian Ludwig Gerling]]<br />[[Richard Dedekind]]<br />[[Johann Franz Encke|Johann Encke]]<br />[[Johann Benedict Listing|Johann Listing]]<br />[[Bernhard Riemann]]<br />[[Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters|Christian Peters]]<br />[[Moritz Cantor]]
|notable_students  = [[Gotthold Eisenstein]]<br />[[Gustav Kirchhoff]]<br />[[Ernst Kummer]]<br />[[Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet|Johann Dirichlet]]<br />[[August Ferdinand Möbius]]<br />[[Julius Weisbach]]<br />[[L. C. Schnürlein]]
|known_for         = [[List of topics named after Carl Friedrich Gauss|See full list]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences        =
|influenced        = [[Sophie Germain]]
|awards            = [[Copley Medal]] (1838)
|signature         = Carl Friedrich Gauß signature.svg
|footnotes         =
|Religion          = theist,<ref name="mathsong.com"/> possibly Christian
}}

Hi '''Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss''' (30 Abril 1777 – 23 Pebrero 1855) usa nga Aleman nga matematiko ngan syentipiko nga dako an naibulig ha lain-lain nga butang sugad han [[teorya han ihap]], [[estadistika]], [[analisis]], [[heyometriya diferensyal]], [[heodisya]], [[elektrostatika]], [[astronomiya]], ngan [[optika]].

== Mga sinurat ==
* 1799: Disserytasyon pandoktoral han Panguna nga teyorema han alhebra, nga may titulo: ''Demonstratio nova theorematis omnem functionem algebraicam rationalem integram unius variabilis in factores reales primi vel secundi gradus resolvi posse'' ("New proof of the theorem that every integral algebraic function of one variable can be resolved into real factors (i.e., polynomials) of the first or second degree")

* 1801: [http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?PPN235993352 ''Disquisitiones Arithmeticae'']. Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser {{Cite document
  | title = Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Ikaduha nga edisyon)
  | publisher = Chelsea
  | location = New York
  | date = 1965
  | isbn = 0-8284-0191-8
  | postscript = <!--None-->}}, pp.&nbsp;1&ndash;453. Hinubad ha Iningles ni Arthur A. Clarke {{Cite document
  | title = Disquisitiones Arithemeticae (Ikaduha, ginliwat nga edisyon)
  | publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]
  | location = New York
  | date = 1986
  | isbn = 0-387-96254-9
  | postscript = <!--None-->}}.

* 1808: {{Cite document
    | title = Theorematis arithmetici demonstratio nova
  | publisher = Comment. Soc. regiae sci, Göttingen XVI
  | location = Göttingen
    | postscript = <!--None--> }}. Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser {{Cite document
  | title = Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae ngan iba nga papeles hinunong han teyorya han ihap) (Ikaduha nga edisyon)
  | publisher = Chelsea
  | location = New York
  | date = 1965
  | isbn = 0-8284-0191-8
  | postscript = <!--None-->}}, pp.&nbsp;457&ndash;462 [Ginpakilala an [[Gauss's lemma (number theory)|Gauss's lemma]], nga nagamit hin ikatulo nga pruweba han reciprocidad kwadratiko]

* 1809: [http://books.google.com/books?id=ORUOAAAAQAAJ&dq=Theoria+Motus+Corporum+Coelestium+in+sectionibus+conicis+solem+ambientium&cad=0 ''Theoria Motus Corporum Coelestium in sectionibus conicis solem ambientium''] (Theorie der Bewegung der Himmelskörper, die die Sonne in Kegelschnitten umkreisen), Hinubad ha Iningles ni C. H. Davis, reprinted 1963, Dover, New York.

* 1811: {{Cite document
    | title = Summatio serierun quarundam singularium
  | publisher = Comment. Soc. regiae sci, Göttingen
  | location = Göttingen
    | postscript = <!--None--> }}. Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser {{Cite document
  | title = Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)
  | publisher = Chelsea
  | location = New York
  | date = 1965
  | isbn = 0-8284-0191-8
  | postscript = <!--None-->}}, pp.&nbsp;463&ndash;495 [Determinasyon han sinyales han [[quadratic Gauss sum]], nga nagamit hini para makahatag han ikaupat nga pruweba han reciprosidad kwadtatiko]

* 1812: ''Disquisitiones Generales Circa Seriem Infinitam'' <math>1+\frac{\alpha\beta}{\gamma.1}+\mbox{etc.}</math>

* 1818: {{Cite document
    | title = Theorematis fundamentallis in doctrina de residuis quadraticis demonstrationes et amplicationes novae
  | publisher = Comment. Soc. regiae sci, Göttingen
  | location = Göttingen
    | postscript = <!--None--> }}. Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser {{Cite document
  | title = Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)
  | publisher = Chelsea
  | location = New York
  | date = 1965
  | isbn = 0-8284-0191-8
  | postscript = <!--None-->}}, pp.&nbsp;496&ndash;510 [Fifth and sixth proofs of quadratic reciprocity]

* 1821, 1823 und 1826: ''Theoria combinationis observationum erroribus minimis obnoxiae''. Drei Abhandlungen betreffend die Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung als Grundlage des Gauß'schen Fehlerfortpflanzungsgesetzes. (Three essays concerning the calculation of probabilities as the basis of the Gaussian law of error propagation) Hinubad ha Iningles ni G. W. Stewart, 1987, Society for Industrial Mathematics.

* 1827: [http://www-gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/cgi-bin/digbib.cgi?PPN35283028X_0006_2NS ''Disquisitiones generales circa superficies curvas''], Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingesis Recentiores. Volume '''VI''', pp.&nbsp;99–146. "[http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=umhistmath;idno=ABR1255 General Investigations of Curved Surfaces]" (published 1965) Raven Press, New York, translated by A.M.Hiltebeitel and J.C.Morehead.

* 1828: {{Cite document
    | title = Theoria residuorum biquadraticorum, Commentatio prima
  | publisher = Comment. Soc. regiae sci, Göttingen 6
  | location = Göttingen
    | postscript = <!--None-->}}. Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser {{Cite document
  | title = Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)
  | publisher = Chelsea
  | location = New York
  | date = 1965
  | isbn = 0-8284-0191-8
  | postscript = <!--None-->}}, pp.&nbsp;511&ndash;533 [Elementary facts about biquadratic residues, proves one of the supplements of the law of [[biquadratic reciprocity]] (the biquadratic character of 2)]

* 1832: {{Cite document
  | title = Theoria residuorum biquadraticorum, Commentatio secunda
  | publisher = Comment. Soc. regiae sci, Göttingen 7
  | location = Göttingen
  | postscript = <!--None-->}}. Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser {{Cite document
  | title = Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)
  | publisher = Chelsea
  | location = New York
  | date = 1965
  | isbn = 0-8284-0191-8
  | postscript = <!--None-->}}, pp.&nbsp;534&ndash;586 [Introduces the [[Gaussian integers]], states (without proof) the law of [[biquadratic reciprocity]], proves the supplementary law for 1 + ''i'']

* 1843/44: ''[http://dz-srv1.sub.uni-goettingen.de/contentserver/contentserver?command=docconvert&docid=D39018 Untersuchungen über Gegenstände der Höheren Geodäsie. Erste Abhandlung]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}'', [http://www-gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/cgi-bin/digbib.cgi?PPN250442582_0002 Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Zweiter Band], pp.&nbsp;3–46

* 1846/47: ''[http://dz-srv1.sub.uni-goettingen.de/contentserver/contentserver?command=docconvert&docid=D39036 Untersuchungen über Gegenstände der Höheren Geodäsie. Zweite Abhandlung]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}'', [http://www-gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/cgi-bin/digbib.cgi?PPN250442582_0003 Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Dritter Band], pp.&nbsp;3–44

* ''Mathematisches Tagebuch 1796–1814'', Ostwaldts Klassiker, Harri Deutsch Verlag 2005, mit Anmerkungen von Neumamn, ISBN 978-3-8171-3402-1 (English translation with annotations by Jeremy Gray: Expositiones Math. 1984)
* [http://dz-srv1.sub.uni-goettingen.de/cache/toc/D38910.html Kan Gauss mga tinirok nga ginbuhat in aada-ha-linya dinhi]{{Dead link|date=December 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }} Naglalakip ini han mga hinubad ha Inaleman han Linatin nga mga teksto ngan mga komentaryo tikang ha mga dirudilain mga otoridad

== Mga kasarigan ==
{{reflist}}
== Padugang nga barasahon ==
* {{Cite book|title=Gauss: A Biographical Study|first=Walter Kaufmann|last=Bühler|publisher=Springer-Verlag|year=1987|isbn=0-387-10662-6|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Dunnington|first=G. Waldo.|title=Carl Friedrich Gauss: Titan of Science
 |url=https://archive.org/details/carlfriedrichgau0000dunn|publisher=The Mathematical Association of America|year=2003|isbn=0-88385-547-X |oclc=53933110}}
* {{cite book |last=Gauss|first=Carl Friedrich|others=tr. Arthur A. Clarke|title=[[Disquisitiones Arithmeticae]]|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1965|isbn=0-300-09473-6}}
* {{cite book
 |last=Hall
 |first=Tord
 |title=Carl Friedrich Gauss: A Biography
 |url=https://archive.org/details/carlfriedrichgau00tord
 |location=Cambridge, MA
 |publisher=[[MIT Press]]
 |year=1970
 |isbn=0-262-08040-0
 |oclc=185662235}}
* {{cite book
 |last=Kehlmann
 |first=Daniel
 |title=[[Measuring the World|Die Vermessung der Welt]]
 |publisher=Rowohlt
 |year=2005
 |isbn=3-498-03528-2
 |oclc=144590801}}
* {{cite book
 |last= Sartorius von Waltershausen
 |first=Wolfgang
 |authorlink=Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen
 |title=''[https://archive.org/details/gauss00waltgoog Gauss: A Memorial]''
 |publisher=
 |location=
 |isbn=
 |year=1966
 }}
* {{cite book
 |last=Simmons
 |first=J.
 |title=The Giant Book of Scientists: The 100 Greatest Minds of All Time
 |publisher=The Book Company
 |location=Sydney
 |isbn=
 |year=1996
 }}
* {{cite book
 |last=Tent
 |first=Margaret
 |title=The Prince of Mathematics: Carl Friedrich Gauss
 |url=https://archive.org/details/princeofmathemat0000mbwt
 |publisher=A K Peters
 |location=
 |isbn= 1-56881-455-0
 |year=2006
 }}

== Mga sumpay ha gawas ==
{{commons|Johann Carl Friedrich Gauß}}
{{wikisource|Author:Carl Friedrich Gauss|Carl Friedrich Gauss}}
{{wikiquote}}
* {{Gutenberg author | id=Gauss,+Karl+Friedrich | name=Karl Friedrich Gauss}}
* {{Internet Archive author}}
* {{Internet Archive author |name=Karl Friedrich Gauss}}
* {{planetmath reference |id=5594 |title=Carl Friedrich Gauss}}
* [http://www-gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/cgi-bin/digbib.cgi?PPN235957348 Complete works]
* [http://www.gausschildren.org Gauss and his children]
* [http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/Biographies/GaussBio.htm Gauss biography]
* {{MathGenealogy|id=18231}}
* [http://fermatslasttheorem.blogspot.com/2005/06/carl-friedrich-gauss.html Carl Friedrich Gauss] – Biography at Fermat's Last Theorem Blog
* [http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/gauss.html Gauss: mathematician of the millennium], by [[Jürgen Schmidhuber]]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=yh0PAAAAIAAJ English translation of Waltershausen's 1862 biography]
* [http://www.gauss.info Gauss] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807040021/http://gauss.info/ |date=2018-08-07 }} general website on Gauss
* [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/MNRAS/0016//0000080.000.html MNRAS '''16''' (1856) 80] Obituary
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money1.htm Carl Friedrich Gauss on the 10 Deutsche Mark banknote] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213071452/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money1.htm |date=2011-12-13 }}
* {{MacTutor Biography|id=Gauss}}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00ss0lf "Carl Friedrich Gauss"] in the series ''A Brief History of Mathematics'' on BBC 4
* {{cite web|last=Grimes|first=James|title=5050 And a Gauss Trick|url=http://www.numberphile.com/videos/one_to_million.html|work=Numberphile|publisher=[[Brady Haran]]|access-date=2015-01-27|archive-date=2017-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715144008/http://www.numberphile.com/videos/one_to_million.html|url-status=dead}}


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[[Kaarangay:Mga natawo han 1777]]
[[Kaarangay:Mga namatay han 1855]]
[[Kaarangay:Biyograpiya|Gauss, Carl Friedrich]]
[[Kaarangay:Matematika]]